PT
Principal Token
Last updated
Principal Token
Last updated
PT is a staked principal token minted by staking SY, designed to unlock the liquidity of staked tokens. When users stake SY, they must specify a lock-up period to mint PT, YT, and POT. The amount of PT is not minted on a 1:1 basis with the staked SY but is instead related to the staking duration (the amount of YT minted) and the exchange rate of the Yield-bearing Token to the Underlying Asset Token. Simply put, the amount of the Yield-bearing Token is first converted to the equivalent value of the Underlying Asset Token, and then the following algorithm is applied to calculate it:
YT Redeemable Value: The yields that can be redeemed by burning one YT.
Therefore, the value of PT is theoretically linked to the value of the Underlying Asset Token, and its total supply will always be less than the amount of Underlying Asset Tokens that can be exchanged for the staked Yield-bearing Tokens, ensuring that the value of PT does not significantly decouple from the value of the Underlying Asset Token.
Over time, as the yield pool continuously accumulates yields, the redeemable value of YT increases. The amount of PT minted from newly staked SY will slightly decrease, but regardless of the number of PT minted, users will be able to burn the PT minted at that time to fully redeem their staked SY upon the lock-up period's expiration.
In general, Yield-bearing Tokens can be roughly classified as follows:
Rebase Tokens - Tokens that increase their balance over time.
Examples: stETH, aUSDC
Reward-bearing Non-Rebase Tokens - Tokens that appreciate in value over time.
Examples: wstETH, Stone, slisBNB
It is important to note: For reward-bearing non-rebase Yield-bearing Tokens, the quantity of staked Yield-bearing Tokens in the position does not change after the lock-up period expires. However, their value (relative to the Underlying Asset Token's exchange ratio) will increase with the accumulation of yields. Thus, burning PT does not redeem the same quantity of non-rebase Yield-bearing Tokens as initially staked; instead, it will be slightly less because part of the value is attributed to YT.
The Universal Principal Token (UPT) is an all-chain universal principal token supported by the LayerZero protocol. UPT can be directly converted from PT. Each type of UPT can be converted from multiple PTs supported by the same underlying asset. Such a design enables the yield-bearing tokens of the same underlying asset type to share the liquidity of UPT and improve their composability.
For example, with ETH, there are currently many LSTs (Liquid Staking Tokens) related to ETH in the market. The liquidity of these tokens is fragmented, with some having ample liquidity and others having less. The liquidity of an LST is often related to its adoption in DeFi programs, such as the depth of liquidity pools like LST/ETH or LST/USDT. The liquidity accumulation process for each LST can be challenging.
Introducing a universal asset principal token (UETH) can reduce these redundant processes. Suppose there is a liquidity-scarce LST called xETH. The market would only need liquidity pools such as UETH/ETH and UETH/USDT. By staking xETH through OutStake to mint UETH, it can connect to the existing liquidity in the market. As more market-validated LSTs are added, liquidity will become increasingly ample.
It is important to note that not all PTs can be converted to UPTs. This requires the underlying yield-bearing assets to pass a series of rigorous reviews, including aspects such as security, stability, and degree of decentralization.
The Universal Principal Token (UPT) is built using LayerZero's Omnichain Fungible Token (OFT) standard, making it an omnichain token that can be seamlessly transferred to any blockchain and amplify its network effect.
